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Funghi and Cells

Tuesday, 08 July 2008 16:28

The Effect of Fungi Polysaccharide to Cells

Chen Guoliang
Edible fungi research laboratory
Shanghai Agriculture Science Academy

The heath-caring products of edible fungi can promote immune function, buildup the body, balance the physiological activity and prevent and cure kinds of diseases. The effect will be more obvious if different kinds of fungi used together. Our periodicals had introduced to readers the basic knowledge about edible fungi to prevent and cure diseases. We will introduce more information and knowledge in this aspect. But if you what know the theory of the edible fungi's diseases preventment and cure, it is necessary know the pathology and recovery knowledge of differents kinds of diseases, and the cause of disease formation.
At the same time, you should know the organs' function of body. But at fisrt, we should learn the formation and function of cells, because cells are the basic units of human body. We can say, all diseases occuring in human body are caused by pathological changes of cells. Only we understand the cells's formation、function and pathological changes, we can know the theory of desease occuring and the ways of recovery, in more deeper level or in essence, then we use the health-caring products of edible fungi to prevent and cure kinds of human diseases better. So, I will introduce to my readers cells' information and function, and maybe promote your understanding to diseases preventing and curing by edible fungi products.

Cells
Cells are the basic units to body's formation. The cells parting from body can reproduce in nutrient fluid by manual work. Every cell of human body have a whole human genetic information, genetic codes reserved in DAN of nucleolus. In theory, we can culture a whole organism by manual work, if the cells are not specialised (such as nerve cells、myocardial cells), like culturing a cow by a cow cell, cutluring a insect by a insect cell. All the human organs and organizaions (heart、liver、stomach、 intestine、cerebrum、cerebellum、spinal cord、skin、bladder、smooth muscles、skeleton、
muscles, etc.) are constituted by cells and relevant intercellular substance.

The shape of all cells are ball-shaped at the beginning. Ball-shape is the most stable. But with individual cells growing , the discrepancy of each cell's position arise gradually, and each cell's environment also arise discrepancy. So under the control of genetic information, the cells in different positions grow into specialised cells with different functions and shapes. They become special organizations, and each organization have a special function.

The basic structure of cells
A cell is composed of three parts: the epicyte、the cytoterm、and the nucleolus. The nucleolus is in the heart of the cell, it is very small, but it is the headquarters which decide all the genetic characters and physiological activities. The nucleolus is composed of nuclear membrane、karyoplasm and nucleoli. The nucleolushave RNA (Ribonucleic Acid), also it is the place where RNA synthese. If the nucleic acid makes some errors, the organism characters will change. The cause of tumor formation is RNA variation. But in the bulletin of American Academy of Sciences recently, they said after radiation damage, the sytoplasm would mutated, what's more, its mutation rate was three times higher than damaged nucleolus. That means, the canceration rate caused by the cytoplasm mutation rate is higher than nucleolus mutation. When a cell is splitting up, the dispersive chromatin will converge into chromosome. Human body have 46 chromosomes, 44 of them are common chromosomes, 2 of them are gender chromosomes. The male chromosomes are X、Y, and the female chromosome are X、X. The cytoplasm is the half transparent part outside the nucleolus and inside the cell membrane. There are so many organelles. The organelles have imtochondria、plastids、Golgi apparatus、 endoplasmic reticulum, and centrosome, etc. The organelles is the organ who finish kinds of physiological functions.
For example, the mitochondria is the place incharging of cells biological oxidation. Through biological oxidation, the organism oxidate the nutrient absorbed in body , and change the nutrient into water, carbon dioxide and other metubolite, and release energy for organism growing. The mitochondria also can oxygen-decompose all kinds of bad substance mistaken; and chnge into hurtless substance. The epicyte is the membrane out cell, it break up the cell from the external part of cell, and make the cell the smallest unit, and make the life activitties go on in order. The membrane is half-penetrative and composed of lipoid and protein molecules. The glycosidoprotein composed of protein molecules and polyhexose covered the membrane. There are so many enzyme in membrane, which could make kinds of physical and chemical reactions. The glucoprotein take nutrient outside membrane, and than move into cells. So an epicyte is also an organelles：when a cell is in the physiologyical activity, the acceptors in the epicytes often fall off for harm from kinds of genes; after the acceptor molecules fall off, the polysaccharide and other substance in mesenchyme will link together again to form a dynamic balance. But the time to form a dynamic balance is different. If the organism is strong, the mesenchyme will have more polysaccharide and other substances , and the epicyte acceptors will recover faster when it get injured. But the old and the sick people recover slowly, so their cell acceptors are less, and their cells' functions, namely organism physiological functions will decreased and fall ill. When the body lack polysaccharide outside organism cells, the epicyte will have some holes and cann't be repaired in time, and the active substances will extravasate.

All the body's cells can reproduct by division except cerebrum cells、nerve cells and cardiac muscle cells. The old and dead cells are renewed by reproducted-by-division cells, and the injured organs and organisitions recovered by new cells' supplement.

The human cells' life-span is1.5-7 years normally. The shorttest and most easyly get injured are epithelial cells, and the longest are nerve cells and cardiac muscle cells, as long as more than 100 years. The cells will replaced by new cells 20-60 times in the whole life. After 20-60 times, the cells stop reproducting-by-division. When the last cells are dying gradually, the human body will die naturally. The theoretic age of 150-160 human can live, was calculated out by the cells' life-span, and the times of reproduction by division. But still nobody can live to that age, all the aged died from diseases at last, for their disease fighting force decreased.

The edible fungi health care products have very good functions to keep cells healthy, prolong the life-span of cells, and recover the injured cells. LiRui and other workers from Shanghai medical colleage had researched that the fungi polysaccharide can promote the cells fluidity and closeness remarkablely. After the aging cells cultured by fungi polysaccharide, their closeness promoted 32%, and their fluidity promoted 11%, that means the cells physiological functions had improved.

The research found the fungi polysaccharide cure diabetes in two aspects. One aspect is improving blood circulation, it accelarate the blood circulation of pancreas and the insular β cells get enough oxygen, so the insulin excretion increased. Another aspect is improving the functions of acceptors of insulin taget cells such as muscle cells, making the same amount of insulin have more effect. When the aged diabetes patients examine their incretion function，the insulin amount is in normal range. The cause of diabetes is the insulin targe cells sensitivity decreased. When animals get provocated or the oxygen is lacking, the mitochondria construction will be damaged, but after they took some fungi polysaccharide, the mitochondria constructions get protected. Two teams of rabbits fed with fungi polysaccharide or distilled water repectively, four hours later, scald them 30 seconds with 90℃ water. After anatomization, rabbits of the distilled water team: mitochondria construcions were damadged completely、backbone had broken, and the construcions are blur; rabbits of the fungi polysaccharide: the mitochondria of cardiac muscle cells were protected well.

The cells penetration of asthma patients' windpipe which have fat and big cells is bigger, so the substances causing asthma amine releasing from fat cells easily. After taking the fungi polysaccharide by the asthma patients, injured big epicyte of windpipe nonstriated muscle recoverd faster, the releasing of amine got controlled, so the asthma got controlled. Now we know the fighting tiredness function of fungi polysaccharide, is promoting the activity of lactate dehydrogenase by promote the cells' physiological functions.

Anyway, the research shows the functions of edible fungi to health care. Above all, they achieve that by promoting the physiological functions of cells and recovering the cells' wound. Just because the jungi polysaccharide have the effection of promoting cells physiological function, so they have many functions to health care and disease cure to human body.

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